HDC is present in mast cells and basophils (which store histamine) and enterochromaffin-like, histaminergic neurons, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, neutrophils, and gastric and dendritic cells, which produce histamine in response to specific stimulus (as opposed to storing it). In the cellular organelle, the Golgi apparatus, histamine is synthesised by the decarboxylation (removal of a carbon atom) of L-histidine, a process catalysed by the inducible enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC). However, the integrity of such measures can be adversely influenced by a number of endogenous and exogenous factors. Normally, the formation, storage, utilisation and breakdown of histamine is tightly controlled by several measures due to its capacity to stimulate significant biological effects. Histamine is a pleiotropic biogenic amine required for the normal function of many processes in the body including inflammation, immunity, neuromodulation and gastric acid secretion. This article reviews the current evidence regarding histamine metabolism and the mechanistic and functional links between histamine, oestrogen and progesterone. The synergistic nature of systemic functionality in the body is demonstrated by the interaction between histamine, oestrogen, progesterone and cortisol. The wide range of signs, symptoms and disorders that can occur as a result of an imbalanced cycle can present as reproductive or non-reproductive issues. The health status of the female reproductive cycle is a reflection of both local and systemic health.
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